Impact of the foliar pathogen Swiss needle cast on wood quality of Douglas-fir

نویسندگان

  • G. R. Johnson
  • Amy T. Grotta
  • Barbara L. Gartner
  • Geoff Downes
چکیده

Many stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) near coastal areas of Oregon and Washington are heavily infected with the foliar pathogen causing Swiss needle cast (SNC) disease, and yet there is very little research on the resulting wood quality. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), microfibril angle (MFA), wood density, latewood proportion, and sapwood moisture content were examined in 20to 28-year-old trees from 15 stands that were infected with varying intensities of SNC. SNC severity was quantified by measuring needle retention, the number of needle cohorts retained at three crown levels. Correlations between disease severity and wood properties were examined at both the stand and within-stand levels. Trees from heavily infected stands (needle retention <2 years) had higher MOE, wood density, and latewood proportion and lower sapwood moisture content than trees from healthier stands. Breast-height age (BHage) was also correlated with these properties, but age alone did not explain all of the increases. MFA was not associated with SNC severity. Within stands, needle retention was not associated with MOE or MOR. The increase in latewood proportion in diseased stands appears to be the driving factor behind their increase in stiffness (MOE). Ring width decreased with decreased needle retention, and the examined wood properties generally showed stronger correlations with ring width than with needle retention. Résumé : Plusieurs peuplements de douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) situés près des régions côtières dans les États de l’Oregon et de Washington sont sévèrement infectés par un pathogène foliaire qui cause une maladie appelée rouge de Gauemann et l’impact de cette maladie sur la qualité du bois est peu connu. Le module d’élasticité (MOE), le module de rupture (MOR), l’angle des microfibrilles (AMF), la densité du bois, la proportion de bois final et la teneur en eau de l’aubier ont été étudiés chez des arbres âgés de 20 à 28 ans provenant de 15 peuplements infectés à divers degrés par la maladie. La sévérité de la maladie a été quantifiée en mesurant la rétention des aiguilles; le nombre de cohortes d’aiguilles présentes à trois niveaux dans la cime. Les corrélations entre la sévérité de la maladie et les propriétés du bois ont été étudiées tant à l’échelle des peuplements qu’entre les arbres d’un même peuplement. Les arbres dans les peuplements sévèrement infectés (rétention des aiguilles <2 ans) avaient un MOE, une densité du bois et une proportion de bois final plus élevés ainsi qu’une teneur en eau de l’aubier plus faible que les arbres dans les peuplements sains. L’âge à hauteur de poitrine était aussi corrélé avec ces propriétés mais l’âge seul n’expliquait pas toutes les augmentations. L’AMF n’était pas relié à la sévérité de la maladie. Dans un même peuplement, la rétention des aiguilles n’était pas reliée au MOE ou au MOR. L’augmentation de la proportion de bois final dans les peuplements malades serait le principal facteur dans l’augmentation de la rigidité (MOE). La largeur des cernes diminuait avec une diminution de la rétention des aiguilles et les propriétés du bois qui ont été étudiées ont généralement montré des corrélations plus étroites avec la largeur des cernes qu’avec la rétention des aiguilles. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Johnson et al. 339

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تاریخ انتشار 2005